Wednesday 3 December 2008

4000 - 4500 miles: Esfehan to Lahore

As we cycled through the fumes and melee of Esfehan traffic an Iranian pulled alongside on a motorbike and began a conversation, the usual questions: where were we from?, where were we going?, was that my wife? - I was more concerned with not getting killed and hadn't noticed my lucky prayer beads fall from my handlebars. The Iranian disappeared and then reappeared through the traffic a few moments later with the beads. It was a nice touch that made being back on the bikes feel even sweeter.

We passed a giant concrete fruit on its island of green and then miles of factories and mechanics workshops and then the road stretched out before us across the flat desert, not a bend in sight. It was a vast landscape where pylons receded as far as I could see towards the point of infinity and distant trains moved slowly, like giant millipedes. It was a landscape where you could see where you would be later in the day and the views changed in hours. In the absence of any significant vegetation or buildings we found that drainage tunnels under the road made perfect toilets!

During the day the sun shone and its gentle November warmth made great cycling weather but once the sun started its descent towards the distant mountains the temerature plummeted. We got in the tent and I put on all the clothes I had (3 pairs of socks, long-johns, trousers, t-shirt, 2 long sleeved tops and 2 fleeces, hat and gloves!). The temperature got down close to freezing and we were zipped into our slepping bags like two giant pupae. It was bearable but not pleasant.

After two days we reached Na'in and were taken in by two students who advised us against staying in the tawdry place we were looking at as it was "dirty". We were amused to find their flat had a stolen roadsign and to be dirtier than the inn we had been looking at! But they were genial and amusing hosts and we all slept on their floor Iranian style.

Next day a chill east wind made the lead grey sky and flat brown landscape feel more like a winters day in The Wash than the deserts of Persia. As we cycled along the only distraction was the occaisional ruins of caravansaries, relics from the days of the silk route camel trains but now their mud bricks were slowly eroding back into the sand from where they came. To break the monotony we diverted for a look around the ancient adobe lanes and buildings of Abaq, brown, dusty and crumbling. During the night it rained softly on the tent and was still pattering in the morning - so much for desert!

We passed a family of magnifiscent Imperial Eagles by the roadside on the way into Arkadan, where I ate camel kebab for lunch. We followed the sign and asked directions for the road to ChakChak and soon found ourselves on a dirt road in a gravelly expanse of absolute nothing - apart from rubbish which once dumped in such a landscape literally blows for miles until it catches on any flimsy piece of desert scrub. After a few miles the "road" was sand and impossible to ride. We didn't see any other living thing for 10 miles. The pure silence was magical after the nearly constant stream of beeping trucks on the highway. We camped a cold night in this nothingness and unbeknown to us we were lost in the desert. This fact became apparent the following morning when after passing through drifted sand and the bleached white carcasses of a cow and camel we came across a small oasis village that was not on our map. We eventually ended up back on the highway having cycled a big loop and no closer to ChakChak.

We tried a different route and late in the afternoon cycled off the highway down a dirt road, past rocky hills glowing orange as the sun set over the desert and a beautiful full moon rose. It was a magical, tranquil place to camp the night and the kind of cycling I had dreamed of when planning this trip. In the morning the water in our bottles was frozen. We eventually found ChakChak, an importatnt Zoroastrian pilgrimage site set halfway up a cliff. We had not passed anywhere to get provisions since Arkadan and due to getting lost had been travelling an extra day, which became a bit desperate when the 25km to Karanaq turned out to be mostly uphill - we had a tin of tuna and a last handful of nuts for lunch.


It had taken us a week to reach the ancient desert city of Yazd, one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world. All the travellers we met felt the old part of the city was the highlight of Iran. The adobe buildings, narrow lanes and bazaars made of mud and straw are quiet and atmospheric and interspersed with blue tiled mosques. It also helps that some of the buidlings have been restored and turned into hotels that have fantastic courtyards with daybeds to sit and eat, drink tea and chat. We stayed several days, extended our expiring visa and Tracey had a couple of her teeth filled - a consequence of the middle eastern taste for all things sweet.

From Yazd we headed south-east passing through the salt desert oasis of Bafgh with its date palms and camels. A conservative place where all women wore chadors, the police called in to quizz us and I spoke to some classes of english students. The barren hills to the north-east of town are home to some of the last remaining asiatic cheetahs. The vast Iranian deserts also have populations of leopard, hyena and wolf but we were not lucky enough to see any. An incorrect map, a dispairing headwind and a balls up on my part meant that two days into the desert from Bafgh were were almost out of water with nothing but a hot sun beating on the desolation - we took the occaisonal sip from our last cupful to stave off "dry mouth". It was perhaps this that was to blame for Tracey falling off her bike on the way into Nuk and bruising her leg. We seemed to have crossed some kind of threshold. Children as young as 10 were driving around on motorbikes, pestering us like buzzing flies and people were literally coming out of their houses and shops to stare at us in silence as we passed. Women seemed to be in short supply whilst Baluchi men dominated the streets with their big beards, baggy clothes and headscarves. We were also cycling through the pistachio nut growing capital of Iran - mile after mile of nut bushes and desert. We stopped for a night in Rafsanjan and the following day, aided by a backwind for a change, rode 70 miles along the highway into the city of Kerman as the sunset turned the sky behind us into a breathtaking golden candyfloss.

Our guidebook had led us to expect Kerman to be full of nomadic types, straight out of the desert but it was a faily modern place with men dressed like they were straight out of Saturday Night Fever. To the east of Kerman lies the vast Lut Desert - one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. In summer temperatures can go above 60C and in the winter below -20C. Thankfully we were between these extremes of temperature and two Hungarian tourists invited us to join their taxi tour to see the desert and strange sandy rock formations. Beyond this desert lie the Afghan and Pakistan borders and this lawless region is where the majority of europe's heroin is smuggled through and home to the Jundollah extremists. In recent years there has been the occaisonal tourist kidnapping and terrorist acts (blowing up buses, that kind of thing) along the route from Kerman to the Pakistan border so we decided to travel by bus rather than cycle.

We had hoped to keep a low profile but when we showed up at the bus station on our bikes for the overnight trip we were completely surrounded by exciteable and curious Iranians who caused a right scene! I am a light sleeper at the best of times and hardly slept on the bus. In the freezing cold of dawn outside Zahedan bus station we warmed our hands on a burning truck tyre alongside a soldier and two young Afghan refugees.

Getting the final 70km to the border was a bizarre experience. We wanted to take a bus and were told that one left in an hour. When we went to go back into the bus station we were instead told by the soldiers to follow their motorbike on our bicycles - we assumed to another bus station. After a mile or so they met up with a police car and we were told to follow that. After another mile we met up with a different police car and were told to follow them - which we did, right through the centre of town (thus maintaining our low profile!), then out of the town altogether. Wandering what the hell was going on and fretting about missing our bus we stopped them to ask where the bus was. "What bus?" was the reply! Something had clearly been lost in translation.

We cycled on to a police checkpoint on the edge of town and from there we had to put our bikes and all our bags into the back of a police pick-up truck and were driven a couple of miles to the next police check point, where we had to unload it all. Then they stopped a random passing motorist to put our bikes and bags in his pick-up and for him to drive us 35km to the next checkpoint whilst our police escort stayed behind - quite how this was keeping us or anyone else safe was beyond us. At the next checkpoint the army took over and took our passports and we had to wait what seemed like ages in a biting cold wind in the middle of the desert for them to pursuade two random motorists with pick-ups to take us, our stuff and our soldier escort to the next ckeckpoint. We passed two recently smashed up pick-ups as we hammered along the road in typical Iranian suicide fashion. As we did so we passed a police speed check and the bloke carrying us (who was only trying to keep up with the pick-up in front that had the soldier and our stuff) got done for speding! This was completely outrageous and he was justifiably livid but got a ticket all the same - which made us feel even worse about the whole situation. At the next checkpoint we got a new soldier escort who flagged down another unsuspecting pick-up driver who finally took us to the border. Once in Pakistan we realised we had stepped into a filthier and more colorful world.
Immigration on the Pakistan side looked like a stable from the outside but inside it was a nice change to find english signs and people speaking english. We hung around for several hours waiting for a bus in the heat, amongts the dirt, swarms of flies and money changers. We watched men lay down in the dirt to go to sleep, using stones as pillows and pulling a blanket over themselves.

The bus ride to Quetta was 440 miles through barren desert running eastwards parallel to the Afghan border (which lay to the north of the dusty hills we could see). Our bikes were strapped to the sizeable load on top of the bus. Unwisely we had bought bus tickets before seeing the bus and it was a filthy vehicle with smashed windows held together with tape (they flexed in and out when the bus bounced). The bus crew and the passengers were wild looking Baluchi men with big beards, glassy eyes, baggy clothes and an assortment of headwear. They were in high spirits, joking and chatting as we bounced through the desert past camels, army check points, sand dunes and stunningly decorated red trucks. Pakistani music blared out and the sun set.


We made a toilet stop in a small village but Tracey was told to get back on the bus as she was not wearing a chador - which came as a shock having just come from Iran and was a reminder of where we were - fortunately she was not that desperate for the loo!

Sand drifts covered half the road and eventually the bouncy tarmac that made me think my teeth might fall out gave way to wildy bouncy dirt road. We stopped periodically to drop off or pick up passengers seemingly in the middle of nowhere and we passed through a couple of small towns. Through the middle of the night we were cold and uncomfortable and tried to sleep but I was mesmerised by the bus being driven like a rally car along the dirt road. We arrived on the outskirts of Quetta before dawn and tried to sleep in the bus with the crew until it was light.


The 10km cycle ride into the centre of Quetta was the most amazing 10km of cycling yet. In the freezing cold morning air we followed a bearded man in a turban who had his young son swaddled in blankets perched on his rear cycle rack. We passed a camel painted orange, herds of goats and sheep, young men sitting cross legged rolling dough for chapatis, open drains, dirt and rubbish, an assortment of weaving motorbikes, scooters, horse drawn carts, squeeking bicycles, motor-rickshaws, colourfully decorated buses and trucks and their noxious fumes. Raggedy, dirty children, sleepy faced men in turbans and women hiding under chadors were emerging from squalid looking buildings and alleyways. a chaotic mass of bedraggled humanity coming awake in a Third World city as the sun topped the surrounding mountains.

We were filthy and had hardly slept in two days and had planned to stay a night but first class seats on the train were booked well ahead. We figured if we were going to travel for 25 hours on economy seats in Pakistan then we may as well stay grubby and tired, so we boarded the not very aptly named Quetta Express to Lahore. I picked up the local paper at the station which made interesting reading: in a colmun on page 3 was the news that the day before a bomb had gone off outside Quetta court killing one and injuring several others, a suppliment informed of good progress in providing access to latrines, though it was noted that around 35% of the Pakistan population still lived without access to a toilet.

The train seemed to be going at walking pace as it wound its way down out of the mountains, stopping at small stations where passnegers had time to get out and eat food and drink tea before getting back on board. Initailly the train was uncomfortably crowded and we feared we had made a terrible decision but at one stop there was a mass disembarkation after which there was room to move around. As we passed through tunnels the train was thrown into darkness and the passengers shouted a good luck phrase. We had been travelling through dry barren mountains for over 3,000 miles and I was just thinking to myself that however beautiful it was I would be glad to never set eyes on such desolation again as long as I lived when we dropped out onto a plain that was as flat as a pancake and within a couple of hours I was wistful for any kind of hill.


We were passing south through desert with nomads camped along the tracks as they have been for millenia. Dust blew in the windows which were opened in the heat of the day and as time wore on the train carriage and its passengers grew filthier and filthier. We had managed to book one upper bunk which Tracey was able to lay out on and sleep during the night but I was upright on the bench below with all the others as we crossed the mightly Indus River. I was like a zombie, too tired to stay awake and too uncomfortable to sleep.

As we rumbled through the morning mist I could make out large trees and green fields with egrets and parakeets. The deserts of the Middle East had ended and I felt excited to be in a new and richer landscape. At one station there was a large painted goat on the platform wearing a mans jumper, its front legs through the arms. As we headed north I stood in the open doorway warming myself in the sun, drinking milky chai and watching rural Pakistan pass by. After 3 days/nights of travelling we pulled into Lahore station and fought our way off the train and out into the fantastic madness and chaos of the Indian sub-continent.

"So, what is your opinion about Iran?"

We were asked this question wherever we went. We gave a polite reply partly because we were in Iran but mainly because the answer was not so simple.


We did say that we found the Iranian people to be incredibly friendly, helpful and welcoming. On two seperate occasions in Tehran were were trying to find out where to catch a bus and not only did total strangers walk us several hundred metres to the right bus stop but they paid for our fare as well - and they weren't even getting on the bus - can you imagine that happening in many other capital cities in the world?


We also said that Iran has an amazing history of civilization with fantastic old cities, ruins and artifacts and beautiful architecture and buildings from a succession of dynasties: from the Achaemenids, Parthians and Sassinians, to the Arabs, Turks, Seljuks, Timurids and Safavids and finally the Shah's of the Qajars and Pahlavis. Some of these places are wonderfully atmospheric and it easy to imagine how things must once have been - the Shah being cooled by a breeze as he looks out over Imam Square from the Ali Qapu Palace or a remote desert caravansary bustling with hundreds of camels and robed silk route traders.


What we didn't say was that we found Iran to be a bit dull. I understood that Iran was a theocracy but until we arrived I hadn't quite realised this meant that it was a totalitarian state (you have to be slightly suspicious about any country that has national holidays called "Heart-Rending Departure of the Great Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran" and "Magnificent Victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran"). "We are not free" was something we were told countless times - and its true - Iranians are not allowed to dance (except at weddings), women are not allowed to sing (this is good in that you don't have to hear Britney Spears songs), there are no bars or clubs and few cafes or restaurants and no "streetscene", cinemas in regional centres close at 9pm, hip-hop is banned as is having a boyfriend/girlfriend, there is not freedom of the press, speech, expression or dress (women have to wear the hijab but outside Tehran the majority wear the chador). To the outsider the 1979 revolution looks like an anti fun crusade and Mr Grumpy's (aka Ayatolla Khomeni) stern frowning face looks down upon the masses from huge murals everywhere. Unfortunately modern Iran has not the exoticism of its past.


Iranians assured us that there is dancing and drinking and merrymaking but as this is banned it takes place in people's homes - to what extent we could not say but either way, as an outsider its very difficult to access. It is a strange and at times fascinating society - we saw teenage girls wear fake hair which they can "show" because its not their real hair, like school children testing the boundaries of school rules. Young people have secret boyfriends/ girlfriends. Satellite TV is banned but many households have it - like the rest of the world they watch American movies, football and porn, whilst the government controlled TV channels spew out anti USA/Israel and pro-Iran propoganda, religious programmes and football. Its hard not to conclude that many Iranians just want to live their lives like elsewhere.


Unsurprisingly there is widespread dissatisfaction with the Ayatollahs revolution, the majority we spoke to wanted a change. Our sample was biased towards english speakers and younger people but walking along the street one day an elderly man attempted to strike up conversation; it was difficult to understand exactly what he was saying but the gist was clear "Khomeni was an asshole who had ruined Iran.". Though I am sure if we had gone to religous cities such as Qom or Mashad we may have heard a different story. Interestingly people mainly spoke to us about wanting to leave the country rather than fighting for change.

The division of men and women in Iran does have interesting consequences for the visitor. City buses are segregated - men at the front, women at the back - and on fully rammed rushhour buses its not always possible to see your partner, which is fine if you both know where to get off but not if you don't - Tracey had to keep getting off and on the buses when they stopped to see if I had got off! There are women only carriages on the Tehran underground but this is to allow women to escape the wandering hands of sexually deprived men from groping them in the rush hour scrum (women are allowed on other carriages if they want).


Unmarried men and women are not allowed to socialise which results in gangs of "frustrated" young men hanging about all over the place. In non muslim societies this would result in carnage of epic proportions. It is a credit to their religion and society that in Iran it does not - but that is not to say that having the streets full of Beavis & Butthead stereotypes is a good thing.



The lot of women in muslim countries is well documented. We found Iranian women to be confident, well educated (65% of university students are women - though only 20% get jobs) and have the freedom to be out and about in the public realm, drive cars and have (limited) jobs - which is more than can be said for neighbouring parts of Pakistan and Turkey and came as something of a suprise. Tracey met a young woman on the train from Tabriz. She was studying for a Masters Degree but had no plans to ever work, she came from a well-off family and was supported by her father, she was engaged and once married would be supported by her husband while she raised a family - Tracey thought it seemed like a pretty good life. But on the other hand Iranian women are expected to be housewives and it is hard not to feel that their lives and freedoms are restricted by what seem to us fairly spurious rules and social taboos (eg women are not expected to ride bicycles) made up by men and the injustice inherent in this grates against what we feel to be right - even if many Iranian women lead very happy and fulfilling lives.


We left hoping that the old adage "after the revolution comes the revolution" rings true for Iran - it would then be a fantastic place to visit.